Alpsko-himálajský systém is an extensive geomorphological system, whose backbone consists of high mountain ranges formed by Alpine orogeny in the Tertiary period (66-3 Ma), when the African, Arabian, and Indian plates collided from the south into Eurasia. During this time, Europe was joined by its southern peninsulas (Iberian, Apennine, and Balkan) and the Indian subcontinent was added to Asia. Major mountain ranges include the African Atlas, European Pyrenees, Apennines, Alps, Carpathians, and Balkan systems, plus several ranges in Asia, including the Himalayas and Karakoram, the highest mountains on Earth. The arc of the alpine-Himalayan mountains extends all the way to the Malay Peninsula. The highest peak is Mount Everest (8848 m).