Srbské Karpaty are a mountain range in eastern Serbia, the southernmost part of the Carpathians. They are separated from the rest of the Carpathians by the Iron Gates, the most powerful breakthrough valley in Europe, carved by the Danube on its way to the Black Sea. To the west, they descend into the Pannonian Basin, to the east into the Lower Danube Plain, and to the south they extend to the city of Niš, where the Carpathians meet the Dinarides, Balkanides, and further south the Thracian-Macedonian massif! Geologically, limestone dominates, which is responsible for both the Danube breakthrough and numerous karst formations such as canyons, caves (e.g., Resava), and underground rivers. The highest peak is also limestone Šiljak (1560 m).